Scientific and political orientation of American scientists     

Hans Raj Anand  Joseph Haberer 《Research Policy》1978,7(1):27-46

The paper presents some findings of a study which surveyed the political attitudes and involvement of American scientists.We found an unambiguous rank ordering based on political orientation among the various subgroups of scientists. The greater the scientists' identification with basic science and the university, the greater the liberalism. However, the claim that scientific elites are more liberal than the rank-and-file and that physicists are the most liberal among natural scientists was not substantiated.The fear that a scientific-technological elite might become a dominant political elite was not reflected in the thinking of a large majority of our 1205 respondents. A majority expressed reservations about the skill and knowledge of the citizenry to understand and resolve the increasingly complex problems of our society, recognize that a separation of science and politics is not attainable or even desireable, but remain somewhat uneasy with the new situation in which their work has become so enmeshed with policy concerns.The traditional norm system of science continues to receive substantial support and takes precedence over either the concern about the social consequences of certain types of “dangerous” knowledge, or the costs that heavy investments in basic science involve. We find that scientists are largely prepared to sacrifice the norm of communality at the altar of nationalism. The clash between an internal ideology of science that values disinterested search for knowledge and an external ideology of society which focuses on utility presents a continuing dilemma.  相似文献   

Children's reaction to open enrollment     

Joseph Justman 《The Urban Review》1968,3(2):32-34

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Scientific research and agricultural innovation in Israel     

Shaul Katz  Joseph Ben-David 《Minerva》1975,13(2):152-182

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“I Didn't Expect to Find Any Fences Around Here”: Cultural Ambiguity and Containment in Shane     

Matthew J. Costello 《Journal of American culture (Malden, Mass. : 2003)》2004,27(3):261-270

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Book reviews     

Thomas S. Kuhn  Joseph Ben-David 《Minerva》1972,10(1):166-187

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Eliciting Honesty: How to Tell the Truth with Statistics     

Joseph G. Eisenhauer 《Teaching Statistics》2001,23(2):45-48

This paper describes and illustrates several models of randomized response sampling, a survey technique for eliciting truthful answers to sensitive questions.  相似文献   

On the origin of microbial magnetoreception     

Wei Lin  Joseph L Kirschvink  Greig A Paterson  Dennis A Bazylinski  Yongxin Pan 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2020,7(2):472

A broad range of organisms, from prokaryotes to higher animals, have the ability to sense and utilize Earth''s geomagnetic field—a behavior known as magnetoreception. Although our knowledge of the physiological mechanisms of magnetoreception has increased substantially over recent decades, the origin of this behavior remains a fundamental question in evolutionary biology. Despite this, there is growing evidence that magnetic iron mineral biosynthesis by prokaryotes may represent the earliest form of biogenic magnetic sensors on Earth. Here, we integrate new data from microbiology, geology and nanotechnology, and propose that initial biomineralization of intracellular iron nanoparticles in early life evolved as a mechanism for mitigating the toxicity of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as ultraviolet radiation and free-iron-generated ROS would have been a major environmental challenge for life on early Earth. This iron-based system could have later been co-opted as a magnetic sensor for magnetoreception in microorganisms, suggesting an origin of microbial magnetoreception as the result of the evolutionary process of exaptation.  相似文献   

The Effect of Economic Recession on Institutional Support for Tenure-Track Librarians in ARL Institutions     

Kelly Blessinger  Gina Costello 《The Journal of Academic Librarianship》2011,37(4):307-311

The objective of this study was to reveal how the national economic recession has affected the nature and extent of support for tenure track librarians at Association of Research Libraries (ARL) member institutions. The authors surveyed 43 ARL Deans and University Librarians to discover the criteria for achieving tenure and the current institutional support for tenure-related activities. All of the responding libraries reported experiencing at least moderate reductions in their overall budgets, with the majority indicating increased workloads for faculty and reductions to monetary support for professional development. Despite this adversity, the survey indicated that the expectations for achieving tenure for librarians in the areas of research and service have not changed.  相似文献   

James Gleick. The Information: A History,A Theory,A Flood     

Joseph Galarneau 《Publishing Research Quarterly》2011,27(3):296-297

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Ability grouping—what good is it?     

Joseph Dustman 《The Urban Review》1967,2(1):2-3

Conclusions It is very clear that reducing the range of ability in these classes was not associated with increased achievement in reading. The lesson for the school administrator is equally clear — homogeneous grouping is not a panacea for educational ills. The school administrator who looks to homogenous grouping as a means of improving pupil achievement will find the process of little value unless definite programs, specifically designed for the several ability levels into which they group their classes, are developed. Grouping by itself, without curricular modification as a concomitant, will not give rise to the desired outcome of improved pupil performance.Dr. Joseph Justman is acting director of the Bureau of Research for the Board of Education of the City of New York.  相似文献